Laboratories

The Neuropsychology (NP) Laboratory in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences is founded on the basis of psychological ethics, with the aim of serving the current field of psychology and neuropsychology. The NP Lab is designed to be used in neuropsychological research and development and neuropsychological training areas, containing some of the basic tests and programs within the area. There is an E-Prime software program in the NP lab that can be used for education, research, and development purposes. E-Prime software has proved its effectiveness and functionality worldwide and facilitated many psychological designs, especially in experimental psychology. The E-Prime program can create various models and experimental paradigms, depending on the subject matter to be investigated and the experiment to be carried out, thus expanding the field of psychology. In addition, there are Brain Voyager and SPM programs that enable NP Lab users to learn more about the nervous system and its functions, which are of primary interest for neuropsychology, and to conduct research. These are special programs that can analyze MR/FMRI data related to the structure and functions of the brain, currently only found at the CIU NP Lab. In addition to the above-mentioned software, the NP Lab also has neuropsychological test batteries that are used to evaluate our cognitive functions, which play an important role in the diagnosis, course, and progression of various psychological, psychiatric, neurological, and neuropsychological disorders. The most common of these tests are the Stroop Test, Raven Progressive Matrices, the Line Orientation Test, and Wisconsin Card Sequencing. These tests are currently used in our elective courses for educational purposes, such as Neuropsychological Tests (PSYC410) and Independent Study (PSYC402) for research purposes at the undergraduate level. Furthermore, the use of tests and practices within the NP Lab is intended not only for educational and research purposes but also for the collective benefit of the TRNC population. To this end, the necessary work has been initiated to open the NP Laboratory to the public and to use patient groups in need of tests and/or applications within the NP Lab.

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Microbiology, biology, clinical biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, and parasitology course practicals are carried out in the Biology/Microscope Laboratories. Bioengineering and environmental engineering undergraduate and graduate students, pharmacy and health sciences faculty students, and environmental sciences graduate students use these laboratories. These laboratories have the devices to carry out elementary and applied biology and microbiology experiments and clinical biochemistry experiments. In the microscope laboratory, there are 20 microscopes with cameras and 20 microscopes without cameras. Continuity of cultures of microorganisms can be achieved by using autoclaves, incubators, safety cabinets, and ovens in these laboratories. These microbial cultures can further be used for carrying out different bioprocesses. Isolation and identification studies are also carried out.

The Cyprus International University Chemistry Laboratories provide practical laboratory services to the freshman students of the Faculties of Engineering, Pharmacy, and Health Sciences. By providing these laboratory applications, the Chemistry laboratories contribute to the learning of basic principles and laboratory techniques at the introductory level to the undergraduate students. Apart from being foundation courses within the scope of the curricula of engineering, pharmacy, and health sciences faculties, they aim at the same time to reinforce the infrastructure of the scientific culture of CIU students. Being at the service of students from a variety of disciplines, the chemistry laboratories provide service under the CIU Arts and Human Sciences Department.

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The Biotechnology Research Centre Electrophysiology and Imaging Laboratory is a two part laboratory specialized in electrophysiological and imaging studies. The first part of the laboratory is designed to accommodate two fully equipped patch-clamp rig systems to facilitate electrophysiological studies. These patch clamp systems can be used to study the essential electrical activity of excitable cells or tissues such as neurons and cardiomyocytes, in addition to cancer cells. These systems are also important in pharmacological studies. The second part of the laboratory accommodates up to three imaging systems, such as confocal microscopy and live imaging stations. These systems are important in immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and live functional studies, using specialized indicator dyes.

The Biotechnology Research Centre Cell Culture Laboratory is equipped with normoxic and hypoxic cell culture incubators, biosafety cabinets, a fully equipped fluorescent (broad-spectrum) microscopy system, a cryogenic cell/tissue storage tank, an ultra-freezer (-80oC), and metastatic cell behavior study systems including a microplate reader (Elisa reader). This fully functional and very active laboratory facility is used in cell culture, pharmacological, and metastatic cell behavior experiments. The laboratory contains a cell bank that is used in the long time storage of cell lines including human breast cancer cell models (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and rat prostate cancer cell models (Mat-LyLu and AT2). In addition, the laboratory supports other laboratories in the BRC laboratory complex by supplying working material.

The main function of the Biotechnology Research Centre Molecular and Wet Laboratory is to facilitate molecular studies. The laboratory is divided into several functional working stations according to the subject material and contamination risks. These working stations include a solution preparation station (pH meter, magnetic stirrer, distilled water maker, etc.) to prepare solutions and pharmacologic agents, a protein work station (refrigerated centrifuge, SDS electrophoresis system, Western blotting system, and chemiluminescence imaging systems) for protein isolation and expression studies, a DNA work station (nano spectrophotometer, centrifuge, heating block, etc.) for cDNA synthesis, a PCR work station (realtime PCR rotary cycler, UV imaging system, horizontal electrophoresis system) for nucleotide expression studies, and an RNA work station (centrifuge, heating block, etc.) for RNA isolation and expression studies.

Chromatography is a widely used method for the separation, identification, and determination of chemical components in various mixtures. The Chromatography laboratory contains three major chromatographic instruments: Ion Chromatography (coupled with a Conductivity Detector) to determine major cations (Sodium Na+, Potassium K+, Calcium Ca2+, and Magnesium Mg2+) and anions (Chloride Cl-, Nitrate NO3-, Sulfate SO42-); Gas Chromatography (coupled with a Mass Spectrometer, an Electron Capture Detector, and a Flame Ionization Detector) to determine volatile organic molecules and gaseous compounds, and Liquid Chromatography (coupled with an Ultraviolet and Refractive Index Detector) to determine polar/nonpolar nonvolatile organic molecules in various matrices. This laboratory also has a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer, which is used to estimate the organic load of various mixtures.

It is a laboratory where students and faculty members doing research in the field of Environmental Engineering and Environmental Sciences set up and operate experimental sets and pilot plants. In this laboratory operations such as sampling and observation are carried out, and ambient factors such as ventilation, temperature and humidity are controlled.

Spectroscopy Laboratory includes an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Spectrophotometer and Spectrofluorophotometer devices to analyze water, wastewater and solid waste accurately and reliably to control environmental pollution. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry measures the absorption of light at certain wavelengths by atoms. FTIR device is used to identify organic compounds.

Nowadays, we depend on instrumental analysis techniques in various fields particularly in the pharmaceutical and food industries, with health issues, and for environmental pollution analysis. The Instrumental Analysis Laboratory hosts various devices to characterize various compounds. An X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer analyzes the elemental composition of the samples from Beryllium to Uranium and can provide semi-quantitative measurement; X-ray diffraction is used for the identification of crystalline structure in solid samples; The Scanning Electron Microscope technique is based on the bombardment of electrons onto the surface of materials to magnify samples up to 300.000 times to provide characteristics images and semi-quantitative measurement; A Particle Size Analyzer is used for the determination of size distribution of the particles in solid and liquid mixtures between the range of 0.02 - 2000µm and a Differential Scanning Calorimeter is used to determine the characteristic heat amount of various samples.

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The physiotherapy laboratory is used in practice to reinforce theoretical knowledge in order to provide a better quality of education in all the applied courses of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Bachelor's Degree and Physiotherapy Associate Degree courses in the Faculty of Health Sciences and to enable students to acquire and use all the materials used in patient evaluation and treatment. It is important that the content of the rehabilitation applications can be given in more detail during the internship in order to be able to explain the fundamental rehabilitation practices more effectively and to expand the application areas of the students. In addition to the applications for rehabilitation in the field of physiotherapy and rehabilitation, treatment for classical massage applications and the practices described in the courses the Orthopedic Rehabilitation, Neurological Rehabilitation, and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation fields are performed. The Therapeutic Movement Laboratory was established with the aim of improving the knowledge and skills of the students about their professions, making necessary applications, learning the use of devices, and educating them to be knowledgeable and equipped physiotherapists.

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Practice sessions are conducted for teaching healthy food preparation and cooking applications in conformance with food hygiene in the Principles of Nutrition Laboratory, one of the laboratories of Cyprus International University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics. There are all the devices and equipment necessary for practice in the laboratory. In this laboratory, consolidation of the theoretical background is provided, with certain practices for food groups taught in theoretical lectures. Thus, students are given the opportunity to learn the purpose of the practice, the aim of the practice, observations about cooking, healthy cooking methods, and the effect of the foods on the structure, appearance, and nutrient status of meals. These subjects are discussed in detail at the end of the practice sessions. This laboratory is used for both undergraduate education and graduate theses and scientific research projects.

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The anatomy laboratory is important for visual and practical reinforcement of the theoretical knowledge that is taught in the courses in the department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of our university, with a large model collection and various torso models. In addition, it provides support for acquiring theoretical and practical knowledge about the anatomical (movement, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, endocrine, urogenital, and digestive systems) systems. Anatomical structures are used to learn the layout of the bones, joints, muscles, nerves, vessels, organs, and formations described in theoretical lessons and to make practical training more effective so as to provide a foundation of information with which students can graduate in a well-equipped manner and can interpret in the clinical environment.

The physiotherapy laboratory is used in practice to reinforce theoretical knowledge in order to provide a better quality of education in all the applied courses of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Bachelor's Degree and Physiotherapy Associate Degree courses in the Faculty of Health Sciences and to enable students to acquire and use all the materials used in patient evaluation and treatment. It is important that the content of the rehabilitation applications can be given in more detail during the internship in order to be able to explain the fundamental rehabilitation practices more effectively and to expand the application areas of the students. In addition to the applications for rehabilitation in the field of physiotherapy and rehabilitation, treatment for classical massage applications and the practices described in the courses of the Orthopedic Rehabilitation, Neurological Rehabilitation, and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation fields are performed. The Therapeutic Movement Laboratory was established with the aim of improving the knowledge and skills of the students about their professions, making necessary applications, learning the use of devices, and educating them to be knowledgeable and equipped physiotherapists.

Anesthesia is one of the indispensable elements of surgical science. Anesthesia technicians, who will be the assistants of anesthesiologists, should learn to prepare for the surgical environment, use the equipment, be ready for the next operation, to fulfill the duties and responsibilities in the operating room, reanimation, and emergency services. In the light of the information they receive, they practice with advanced simulators and equipment in the laboratories. Skills gained by applied education are as follows: (a) Having enough knowledge about preparation of the operating room environment, personal protective equipment, sterilization, disinfection, and medical waste management, (b) Acceptance of the patient, taking the patient to the operating theatre according to surgical procedures and providing the necessary positioning, (c) Having sufficient knowledge about complications that may develop during surgery and the precautions necessary, (d) Being able to control and use the pre-inspections and operating status of the devices (anesthesia device, oxygen source, laryngoscope, aspirator device and emergency situation defibrillator) to be used before the patient's operation is undertaken, (e) To be able to monitor the patient with all parameters from the monitor during the surgical procedure, (f) Invasive procedures (peripheral catheter, CVP catheter, arterial catheter) to be applied to the patient and having knowledge of the material to be prepared and application skill, (g) Having patient knowledge, giving oxygen to the patient with a balloon valve mask, knowledge of the drugs given by infusion and injector pump, and application skills, (h) Applying CPR if the patient develops cardio-pulmonary arrest, (i) The ability to perform all physical assessments of the patient via a simulator device and being able to withdraw the patient's ECG in an emergency.

The Anthropometry laboratory is one of the laboratories at Cyprus International University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, and in this laboratory, various practices are carried out to understand the methods used to determine the nutritional status of different ages groups. Taking circumference and diameter measurements, skinfold thickness measurements from different regions, and muscular force measurements according to specified methods and also evolution and practice skills of these measurements are provided to the students. Practices are carried out regarding the use of devices, with advanced properties to determine body composition and measurements. Basal metabolic rate, the energy expenditure of exercise, assessment of daily energy expenditure measurements, and evaluation of lifestyle are performed with appropriate equipment and methods to determine the energy expenditure of the individual. This laboratory also provides services to graduate education, theses, and scientific research projects.

Our students are not only expected to increase their knowledge in theories of finance and accounting, but also to deepen their understanding of the inner workings of stock markets, currencies, commodities, bonds, and futures markets in the real world in this educational/research laboratory. In addition, most of our accounting and finance courses focus on the practical application of knowledge and skills. Department staff sees the necessity of improving and introducing modern teaching techniques that provide opportunities for students to follow the latest developments in the worldwide capital market. Therefore, the finance lab helps in achieving the following objectives: (a) Allowing students to observe life data, which helps them stay current on happenings in global markets; (b) Educating students about security finance and the financial services industry; (c) Providing students with a realistic experience in analyzing stocks, commodities, options, currencies, bond markets, and futures markets; (d) Displaying rigorous portfolio management opportunities by composing their own portfolios using the real market experience in our virtual environment. As a result, the finance lab helps students become competitive and contributes to their employability in both the national and international job markets. Upon graduation, the students are able to confidently invest in the securities market and manage their funds carefully.

Nursing skill laboratories, which were established in order to transfer the theoretical knowledge of the students of the School of Health Sciences Nursing Department into practice and to improve their psychomotor skills, are equipped in accordance with the current technological developments.
Basic nursing skills practice laboratories, Gynecology and Pediatric Nursing, and Medical and Surgical Nursing laboratories provide students with an environment similar to the real clinical environment.
In these laboratories, adult models that allow basic nursing practices (vascular access, injection, tube application into body cavities, etc.), simulation models that can be performed with cardio-respiratory massage, pregnant simulation models that can perform labor practices, newborn care and application models, child models, part models, skeletons for applications, anatomy models, incubators, blood pressure monitors, heat meter, scales, aspirators, chest tube drainage devices are available.

Research Opportunities
Nursing skills laboratories are adequately equipped for thesis and scientific research. Simulation models and medical devices that allow the practicing of advanced nursing skills in laboratories are updated and increased in parallel with technological and scientific developments. In addition, medical supplies or consumables needed for scientific research are provided in the required quality and quantity.
 

The Simulation Laboratory, established within the Department of Industrial Engineering, was created with the aim of assisting our students in better understanding and applying for their courses through various software support. This laboratory will be used in related courses (included in the curriculum of the department) mentioned below. The laboratory aims to enable students to use the required computer programs during the preparation of projects for related courses. The following courses in the Industrial Engineering Curriculum require the Simulation Laboratory: INDE 204 Probability and Computer Applications in IE, INDE221 Introduction to Modeling and Optimization, INDE321 Operations Research I, INDE322 Operations Research II, INDE 353 Systems Modelling and Simulation, INDE 352 Information Systems and Implementation, INDE 372 Production Systems and Technology, INDE 441 Facility Layout and Material Handling. The software installed in the laboratory to support the above-mentioned courses are LINDO, LINGO, SPSS, Minitab, MasterCam, Arena, AUTOCAD, MS Project, and MS Access.

In this laboratory, the students perform experiments related to Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, and Energy Systems II courses. The students perform specific heat measurements for different materials and for different masses. They also perform experiments on free and forced convention to understand the different thermal inertia characteristics of each heating surface for free convection and to compare the surface temperatures of the heat transfer surfaces in forced convection. Inverse-square law is also among the experiments. Students also perform experiments on various sources of energy such as solar, wind, and hydrogen. They observe the current-voltage characteristics and power curve of solar modules under different illumination levels. They also perform experiments on wind turbine operation under different load conditions. The current-voltage characteristics of the PEM electrolyzer are also observed during lab sessions.

Research Opportunities 

The devices available in the lab are; Steam generator, thermal expansion device, Marcet boiler, angle finder, multimeter, heater, weight measuring device, thermometer, lux meter, gas law apparatus, free and forced convection device, Leslie’s cube, power supply, fuel cell, and electrolyzer, PEM electrolyzer, mini hydrogen powered car, solar module, wind turbine kit, anemometer, and tachometer.

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Microbiology, biology, clinical biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, and parasitology course practicals are carried out in the Biology/Microscope Laboratories. Bioengineering and environmental engineering undergraduate and graduate students, pharmacy and health sciences faculty students, and environmental sciences graduate students use these laboratories. These laboratories have the devices to carry out elementary and applied biology and microbiology experiments and clinical biochemistry experiments. In the microscope laboratory, there are 20 microscopes with cameras and 20 microscopes without cameras. Continuity of cultures of microorganisms can be achieved by using autoclaves, incubators, safety cabinets,s and ovens in these laboratories. These microbial cultures can further be used for carrying out different bioprocesses. Isolation and identification studies are also carried out.

Microbiology, biology, clinical biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, and parasitology course practicals are carried out in the Biology/Microscope Laboratories. Bioengineering and environmental engineering undergraduate and graduate students, pharmacy and health sciences faculty students, and environmental sciences graduate students use these laboratories. These laboratories have the devices to carry out elementary and applied biology and microbiology experiments and clinical biochemistry experiments. In the microscope laboratory, there are 20 microscopes with cameras and 20 microscopes without cameras. Continuity of cultures of microorganisms can be achieved by using autoclaves, incubators, safety cabinets, and ovens in these laboratories. These microbial cultures can further be used for carrying out different bioprocesses. Isolation and identification studies are also carried out.

The Cyprus International University Chemistry Laboratories provide practical laboratory services to the freshman students of the Faculties of Engineering, Pharmacy, and Health Sciences. By providing these laboratory applications, the Chemistry laboratories contribute to the learning of basic principles and laboratory techniques at the introductory level to the undergraduate students. Apart from being foundation courses within the scope of the curricula of engineering, pharmacy, and health sciences faculties, they aim at the same time to reinforce the infrastructure of the scientific culture of CIU students. Being at the service of students from a variety of disciplines, the chemistry laboratories provide service under the CIU Arts and Human Sciences Department.

The devices in the Control and Robot laboratory involve programmable logic controllers, input-output units, an operating system, techniques used in programming, physical connections, communication interfaces, design methods, and industrial applications. Students are able to learn the elements used in control systems, the structures of programmable logic controllers, input-output units, and operating systems through practice. In addition, the Arduino Uno Application Kit laboratory provides basic and advanced robot technology applications, such as digital input/output, analog-digital converter, LED applications, 7 segment display, LCD, various sensor applications, PWM production, keypad, and motor drive. The Lego Mindstorms training kit, which is also part of the laboratory, includes lego technical bricks, a computer-controllable microprocessor, and software with a graphical interface allowing easy programming of the microprocessor, sensors (sound, light, distance, and touch-sensitive), and motors.

The communication training set in the Digital and Communication Systems laboratory consists of a main unit and thirteen application modules, designed to enable applications related to analog and digital communication. The working areas consist of modulation techniques, coding, and decoding techniques. Applications of the modulations consist of AM, SSB, FM, PM, PAM, PCM, PFM, PPM, DM, ASK, FSK, and PSK in the analog and digital sections. In the demodulation set and digital part, AM, SSB, FM, PM, PAM, PCM, PFM, PPM, DM, ASK, FSK, and PSK demodulation applications can be done. Also, students can apply the digital systems by using the digital electronic training sets in the laboratory. Among the digital electronics experiments, TTL logic gates applications, CMOS logic gates applications, NAND, NOR and XOR logic gates applications, digital adders-subtractors applications, decoders/demultiplexers and multiplexers applications, d-type & jk-type flip-flops applications, binary counter, ADC applications, and DAC applications take place.

There are two physics laboratories in our university, in which experiments related to the basic topics in physics are carried out. Most of the experimental sets are about mechanics and electricity. In the mechanic's laboratory, the experimental sets are about motion, springs, pendulums, and Newton’s law. In the electricity laboratory, the experimental sets are about Ohm’s law, parallel and series connections, Kirchhoff rules, and magnetism. The students of General Physics I and General Physics II do six experiments respectively each semester. Experimental groups of 2-3 students are organized. There are two laboratory manuals for General Physics I and General Physics II students. Students are required to study the experiments from the manuals provided before coming to the laboratories. Students are also required to repeat the experiments until they get reasonable results. They have to submit the experiment reports at the end of the experiments.

The laboratory was established with the objective of giving students the necessary information and practical skills in automation systems, production scheduling as proto-type, computer programming, and similar topics as well as forming a good example for studies related to flexible production systems. By the use of the robot arms, conveyor lines, AGV (line tracking vehicles), and the automatic storage units to be established by the utilization of LEGO Mindstorm and TETRIX sets already purchased, students will be able to set up and program automation and flexible production systems. Students will learn how to use these sets and how to form and activate systems and transform them into integrated systems by the adoption of NI LabVIEW software. For more advanced academic research, it is also possible to establish software written in Java and Python in addition to the present software. With the help of this laboratory, which has been newly established in CIU, it has become possible to assist compulsory theoretical courses of the department, such as INDE372 Production Systems and Technology and INDE322 Operations Research II. Also, it is beneficial for the practical work necessary for departmental courses, such as INDE305 Computer Integrated Manufacturing, INDE343 Production Processes, and INDE 391 Production Scheduling.

Electronics Laboratory is the fundamental practical learning area for Electrical Engineering students and other engineering disciplines.  The laboratory is the laboratory where the student performs basic electronic experiments in the scope of EELE202 (Circuit Theory I) and EELE301(Circuit Theory II). The Laboratory consists of Voltage, current, resistance, and power measuring instruments. AC/DC power and signal generators, and AC/DC oscilloscopes are present in the Laboratory. Experiments on RLC circuits can be reliably done. Transformers, impedance measurement. Practical usage of basic instruments for measurements and analysis of electronic circuits can be performed. Experiments on rectifier diodes, Zener diodes, and transistors (BJT and FET) are done in advanced undergraduate electronic courses.

In the Electrical Machinery Lab, working principles and characteristics of DC and AC electric motors and power generators are examined. Transformer experiments cover conversion ratio, mono phase transformer short circuit, loaded, and unloaded working, and mono phase transformer polarity determination. DC electrical machine experiments cover externally excited DC generator unloaded working characteristics and load characteristics. Asynchronous electrical machine experiments cover asynchronous electrical machines unloaded working, and three-phase asynchronous electrical machines loaded working. The laboratory also has Power Electronics Training Sets. They are designed to execute the applications of basic Power Electronics, industrial automation studying and using the control and measuring of electrical operations, recognition of the circuit elements, analysis, and application development. The Set consists of a multi-function Lab desk and Energy units, measurement modules, load groups, and the necessary accessories. The Set contains experiments that can be done with rectifiers, phase-controlled rectifiers, AC-AC converters, DCDC converters, and inverters.

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The faculty of dentistry has preclinical laboratories for various uses. First-year students use the bench laboratory for carving and teeth preparation works. Second-year students work on fixed and removable prosthetics with phantom jaws in bench and phantom laboratories. Third-grade students perform fixed and removable prostheses with phantom simulators in phantom laboratories. The plaster laboratory is a common area. In the plaster laboratory, there are vibrators, wax melting machines, hydraulic presses, plaster trimming machines, and sinks, which are used for mixing plaster, eliminating wax, and acrylic process for full and partial dentures, and mounting to the articulator. Demonstrations made by faculty lecturers in laboratories are projected to the students’ screens with a camera system so that students can follow the presentations easier.

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In the Dentistry Polyclinics, there are 34 dental units used by the lecturers and students from 8 departments. There is central sterilization consisting of two units, clean and dirty, with two autoclaves, ultrasonic pre-cleaning, and packaging devices. There is a local operating room used by the departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, and an observation room for the follow-up of patients after surgical procedures. There is an imaging room with computer-assisted periapical, panoramic, cephalometric X-ray devices and volumetric computed tomography devices with the latest technologies. In clinical applications, under the supervision of faculty members, to diagnose by performing examinations and x-rays in the department of oral diagnosis and radiology, to apply the prosthetic, restorative and endodontic procedural skills gained in preclinical education, on the patient, to plan treatment in the departments of surgery, periodontology, pediatric dentistry, and orthodontics. It is aimed to solve possible complications with sufficient knowledge and skills, to develop the psychomotor skills required to plan and finish the treatment of the patient by taking the opinions of many departments in the integrated clinic.

Anatomy is the most basic medical discipline in educating a good physician by using theoretical and practical training opportunities in the field of cadaver dissection. Anatomy laboratory uses primarily cadaver and medical model as a supportive material and anatomical software, which has been increasingly used in the recent decade, in order to examine the shape of the normal structure of the human body, organ systems, organs, functional and structural relations between them. Anatomy laboratory enables the body parts to be seen and learned in 3D as closest to the living body with cadaver dissection. As a simulation before the clinical practice, it sets an ethical example in terms of standards of approach to the patient (the basic principles of respect for humans, privacy, benefit, and harmlessness included in the ethics of using cadavers). In addition, practical work with anatomical models provides detailed information that will support the reinforcement of what has been learned and facilitates learning.

The cadaver dissection performed in the anatomy dissection laboratory does not only serve for the learning of macroscopic anatomy and systematic anatomy but also supports postgraduate sustainable education with sub-study groups in parallel with the discipline of medicine such as developmental anatomy, functional anatomy, clinical anatomy, radiological anatomy, and sports anatomy. 

The purpose of medical education is to train a good physician. A good physician; is defined as an individual who is aware of the benefits and advances of modern medicine, beliefs in the importance of clinical skills and the necessity of continuous learning has sufficient knowledge, and is interested. The medical skills laboratory is the basis for defining and gaining clinical skills during medical education practices. Every medical school student gains clinical experience without harming people while transitioning to clinical applications with the opportunities offered by this laboratory without coming face to face with the real patient. Due to the fact that the laboratory allows for very close examinations and applications, the individual excitement factor experienced during the intervention with the real patient is largely eliminated and the student's self-confidence rises. Working with anatomical models; facilitates learning, shortens training time, and minimizes the risk to the patient.

Anatomical model simulators suitable for real clinical pictures are used in the individual skill laboratory. From vital signs to heart massage, from basic life support to advanced life support, basic education can be provided even on subjects that students may not always encounter in the clinic. During laboratory applications, all simulators are always maintained in a well-maintained and working condition in order to improve the educational skills of the students.
 

The Architectural Model Laboratory environment is suitable to do the model of architectural and interior design projects, industrial prototypes, and historical artifacts (restoration) models within the Faculty of Fine Arts, Design and Architecture. It has an environment where models of 2D and 3D designs and especially architectural projects can be made. There are tables and equipment that will allow all kinds of models to be made. At the same time, all kinds of 2D and 3D designs designed in a computer environment can be modeled. For this, a CNC machine and 3D printer are available. Cutting and shaping various model materials and especially wooden materials; metal materials can be cut. It can do laser cutting and engraving work with a CNC machine and laser cutter. In addition, 3D printing of designs can be made with a 3d printer. It can be modeled as the closest to reality.

The most important way to embody the design and to express it in the closest way to reality is to make the model, and the architectural model workshop has the infrastructure and equipment to provide this. In this way, 3D models of projects can be prepared. Projects designed in a computer environment with CNC and laser cutting can be embodied and turned into the closest to reality. With a 3D printer, computer-aided design projects can be modeled as close to reality.

A laboratory poses potential hazards due to the presence of dangerous chemicals, corrosive liquids, poisonous chemicals, and toxic gases. However, this should not scare anyone as the dangers can be minimized by adopting laboratory safety measures. First aid as the name implies is a set of guidelines that can mitigate the damage caused by exposure to chemicals or injury before expert medical help can be provided. The aim of the First and Emergency Aid laboratory is to enable the students to gain professional experience and practice before starting their professional internship at their workplaces. The laboratory has all the equipment and consumables that the first and emergency student need to use to do all the practice during education. In addition, there is an "Ambulance Simulator" in the laboratory to simulate the interior of an ambulance, to be able to embark and unload patients or injured to an ambulance during transport.

First and Emergency Aid Laboratory used to allow the students to do all ordinary and unusual situations that may encounter in their professional lives such as trauma simulation and stabilization, arrest simulation, and management. All applications are made with appropriate equipment and real consumables used by students under the supervision and teaching of a lecturer. In addition, challenging cases are simulated with different types of trauma models, and continuous practice training is provided to enable students to intervene easily in situations they will encounter in their professional lives. The ambulance interior is first shown to the students through Ambulance Simulator in the laboratory. Afterward, 112 Emergency Ambulance teams are visited in cooperation with local institutions.
 

Workshops were the only places of production until the advent of industrialization and the development of larger factories. Well-equipped machining, sheet metal work, and welding sections are part of the workshops. Different size lathes, milling machines, CNC milling machines, CNC turning machines, drilling machines, shapers, and grinding machines including instrument, surface, and cylindrical grinders are equipped with the machining section. There is a range of arc and gas welding machines in the welding section, including TIG and MIG welding sets and a plasma cutting machine. Industrial work and programs are also performed by the workshop workers. 

1. CNC Turning Machine

Computer numerical control (CNC) turning is a subtractive machining process where a cutting tool is placed against a spinning piece to take material off. This is usually done with a CNC lathe or turning center which cuts the material including wood, metal, and plastic. CNC turning does the process by rotating the workpiece and cutting away at it (by moving a static cutting bit against the workpiece). Turning CNC can manufacture automobile frames, surgical equipment, airplane engines, and hand and garden tools. 

2. CNC Milling Machine

CNC milling is a subtractive form of manufacturing, which means that material is removed from the workpiece to produce the final design shape. The process starts with a computer-aided design (CAD) drawing or 3D model of the final component. the machine can do plain milling, face milling, angular, and form milling processes on the metal and wooden pieces. the element of precision and speed that CNC machining provides make this method of manufacturing popular in healthcare, aerospace, automobile, and defense industries that produce some of the most important technology in the modern world. CNC milling machines can manufacture delicate and curved products in the automotive and health care industry. 

• The machine can be used for manufacturing plastic molds
• The machine can be a part of the CAM workshop
• The machine will be active in the backup part of the factory for repair.
• CNC is an educative machine also and it is used for teaching machining
• Fixed rollers for cars are one of the products of this machine.
• CNC will be a great asset for teaching G Code programming in an educative environment.

3. Turning Machine

Turning is a method of machining and a process of material removal that, by cutting off unwanted materials, produces the desired appearance of the workpiece. A turning machine or lathe, workpieces, workpiece holding device, and cutting tools need to be included in the turning process. It is also possible to use the most suitably equipped metalworking turning machines to manufacture most revolution solids, plane surfaces, and screw threads or helices. 

4. Milling Machine

Milling is a procedure conducted by a machine in which the cutters rotate in the direction of the angle with the instrument axis to cut the material from the workpiece present. With the assistance of milling machines, from small items to large ones, many operations and functions can be done. These machines can manufacture parts for ventilators, pens, paintball guns, rims for tires, guitars, parts for wooden clocks, badges, and much more.

5. Grinding Machine

One of the power tools or machine tools used for grinding, a grinding machine, also shortened to grinder, is a process of machining using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. A small chip from the workpiece is cut by shear deformation by any grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface. Grinding is used to finish workpieces that must display high surface quality and high precision of shape and dimension. These machines can clean and smooth the final product of other machines. 

6. Drilling Machine

A drill or drilling machine is an instrument used mainly to make round holes or drive fasteners. It is equipped with a bit, either a drill or a driver, protected by a chuck, depending on the application. A hammer feature is also included with some driven drills. In speed, strength, and scale, drills differ widely. They are electrically powered devices characteristically corded, with hand-operated devices. These machines can be used to drill, ream bore, and tap the products. 

7. Automatic Miter Saw Machine

A saw or sawing machine is an instrument used mainly to cut wood or metals. A miter saw or miter saw is a saw used to make accurate crosscuts and miters in a workpiece by positioning a mounted blade aboard. A miter saw in its earliest form was composed of a backsaw in a miter box, but in modern implementation consists of a powered circular saw that can be positioned at a variety of angles and lowered onto a board positioned against a backstop. Powered miter saws are also commonly referred to as chop saws. It is used for sizing and removing excess material from items before machining.it is mostly used in piping and manufacturing frames. 

8. Hardening Furnace

The hardening heat treat process uses heat to increase the hardness of the surface of the material which in turn decreases its vulnerability. Hardening results in a tough outer case and a strong core. The hardening process is done in an industrial heat treat furnace. There are different types of them such as Cast link belt furnaces, Humpback furnaces, and Mesh belt furnaces. Hardening furnaces increase the strength and durability of final products in the automotive and aerospace industry. 

9. Plasma Cutting Machine

Plasma cutting is a process that cuts through electrically conductive materials by means of an accelerated jet of hot plasma. Typical materials cut with a plasma torch include steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, and copper, although other conductive metals may be cut as well.  Plasma cutting is often used in fabrication shops, automotive repair and restoration, industrial construction, and salvage and scrapping operations. Due to the high speed and precision cuts combined with low cost, plasma cutting sees widespread use from large-scale industrial CNC applications down to small hobbyist shops. 

• It is used to cut metal sheets with 2 cm width
• It works as a mechanical repair and maintenance part of factories.
• Furthermore, it is used to manufacture interior decoration for offices and residential places.

10. 3D Scanner

A 3D scanner can be based on many different technologies, each with its own limitations, advantages and costs. Many limitations in the kind of objects that can be digitized are still present. For example, optical technology may encounter many difficulties with shiny, reflective or transparent objects. 

• It is used to detect sharp angles and curves of complex geometries like automotive lights, car seats and other complex shapes.
• It is used to gather information about surfaces. 

The Hydraulics Laboratory is a facility used to conduct a variety of experiments pertaining to water. The Hydraulics Laboratory consists of two physical modeling facilities:

1. A 5-m long Flow Channel and
2. A Volumetric Hydraulic Bench. With the available facilities, experiments related to pipe flows and open channels can be covered. The main objectives of the Hydraulics Laboratory are to provide the student with an opportunity to:

         a) explore the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics through experimentation and

         b) demonstrate and analyze key hydraulic phenomena using hands-on physical devices.

Drilling fluids laboratory serves to Petroleum engineering department undergraduate and graduate students to conduct relevant tests on drilling fluids. In this laboratory, students are able to characterize the drilling fluids (drilling mud) by using vapor pressure testing equipment, analytical balance, magnetic stirrer, Marsh funnel, sand equivalence test set, filter pres, and sand content test set. In the drilling fluids laboratory, determination of filtration and cake formation characteristics, the volumetric content of the particles having a greater size than sand (74 microns) in drilling fluids mixture, and fluid properties of the drilling mud during its flow through a standard cone. Drilling fluid is a mixture of water, organic, and gas fluids containing several additives. In this laboratory, designing and characterizing of the mixture is accomplished by several equipments.

Research Opportunities

• Preparation of mud programs for drilling wells,
• Designation of several solutions for the problems encountered in drilling areas,
• Conducting research on new trends in drilling technologies and their applications,
• Investigation of the efficiency of drilling mud and filtration.

Used oils can be defined as the waste oils produced by industrial types of machinery and vehicles. In addition to this, another type of waste oil is vegetable oil. All those types of oils have adverse effects both on the environment and human health. Reuse and ultimate disposal method selection of the waste oils could be determined only after characterization of the waste oil. Undergraduate and graduate students of petroleum and other engineering disciplines are able to characterize waste oils by using Behr CL 10 instrument to measure halogens; Gas chromatography coupled with MS, FID, and ECD detectors to determine volatile organic compounds especially polychlorinated biphenyls-PCBs and Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer to analyze heavy metal content of the waste oils.

Research Opportunities

• Heavy metal measurements in waste oils,
• Qualitative and quantitative PCB measurements by gas chromatography,
• Measurement of halogens in waste oils,
• Consideration and selection of methods based on the characteristics of waste oils,
• Investigation of waste oils as a possible energy source. 

The drilling simulation laboratory is open for undergraduate and graduate students of the Petroleum Engineering department. The theoretical knowledge of the students is practiced with the help of a drilling simulation instrument which gives realistic practice experiences. In order to show the real drilling production site and train the students with relevant knowledge and skills drilling simulation instrument is used. The software and the controllers of the instrument create a multi-station training environment. The drilling simulation laboratory gives an opportunity to Petroleum engineering undergraduate and graduate students to conduct well tests, production optimization, and phase behaviors with the help of a drilling simulation instrument.  The students learn how to safely drill while monitoring the weight on the bit and controlling the pumps, drill bit speed, adding and removing pipes, etc.

Research Opportunities

• Research on drilling topics,
• Research on Gas expansion and migration,
• Formation fluid type and permeability,
• Horizontal and deviated wells,
• Rock strength and abrasiveness.

Petroleum engineering undergraduate and graduate students find opportunities to identify and examined minerals and rock in Rock and Mineral Laboratory. Rocks are composed of minerals that have specific chemical compositions and ordered atomic structures. Hand sized various types of rock (magmatic, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks) can be examined and identified in this laboratory. Determination of the mineral composition of the rocks can be also done in laboratory facilities after the grinding process. In this laboratory Saybolt, 2 tube viscosimeter and porosimeter equipment are available and undergraduate and graduate students can determine the viscosity and porosity of petroleum products.

Research Opportunites

• Identification of rocks,
• Determination of viscosity and porosities of petroleum products,
• Preparation of sections from the rocks to investigate the minerals under a microscope,
• Determination of the mineral composition of the rocks by high technological equipment (XRD).

Human physiology attempts to explain the specific characteristics and mechanisms of the human body that make it a living being. The applied physiology lab enables learning the fundamentals of how the human body works, developing the abilities needed to investigate and interpret human physiology issues from an evidence-based standpoint, and learning how to use typical physiology laboratory equipment and techniques, such as data collection hardware and analysis software. Make connections between anatomy and physiology knowledge and examine the connections between the various body systems to explain the molecular basis of diseases, and to synthesize and integrate information. In addition, propose, speculate about, and design experiments to investigate physiological events using classroom knowledge of physiology principles and the scientific process and using suitable physiological terminology when writing and presenting results from experiments.

The applied physiology lab serves the vast majority of experiments within undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as provides research opportunities in blood physiology, nervous system physiology, cardiovascular physiology, muscle physiology, endocrine physiology, and spirometry.

Microbiology, biology, clinical biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, parasitology and biological processes course practicals are carried out in the Microbiology Laboratories. Bioengineering, Biomedical Engineering, Medical Engineering and Environmental Engineering undergraduate and graduate students, medicine, pharmacy and health sciences faculty students and environmental sciences graduate students use this laboratory. Microbiology laboratories have the devices to carry out elementary and applied biology and microbiology experiments and clinical biochemistry experiments. In the microscope laboratory, there are microscopes with cameras and without cameras. Continuity of cultures of microorganisms can be achieved by using autoclaves, incubators, safety cabinets and ovens in this laboratory. These microbial cultures can further be used for carrying out different bioprocesses. 

In Microbiology Laboratory, microbial cell cultures are prepared and maintained under sterile conditions. In addition to this, antimicrobial tests, isolation and identification studies including microscopic examination and biochemical tests, and microbiologic water quality tests are carried out as well. By using microbial cultures, some laboratory-scale biological processes, such as biogas and bioethanol production, are carried out in the Microbiology laboratory. 

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This laboratory is used for work and time study purposes. It is constructed as an ergonomy laboratory, so as to render possible laboratory applications related to human factors, human and work safety, work-study methods, hygiene, etc. Within the scope of this laboratory are the compulsory departmental courses INDE 313 - Work-Study and INDE 314 - Human Factors Engineering, in addition to graduation projects and other related elective courses for the students. With the help of the mounting table purchased for the laboratory to enhance the “work-study” projects, students are enabled to visualize and see the mounting tables adopted at industrial plants at the laboratory scale and to carry out relevant studies. As a result of this, it has become possible to apply work-study principles and develop more effective techniques. With the stationary bicycle and treadmill present in this laboratory, it is also possible to execute effort tests. At the same time, this equipment can be used in line with the equipment present, such as the COSMED Fitmate PRO gas analyzer and NORAXON EMG equipment, with students being able to collect and analyze respiration data and muscular movements.

Microbiology, biology, clinical biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, parasitology and biological processes course practicals are carried out in the Microbiology Laboratories. Bioengineering, Biomedical Engineering, Medical Engineering and Environmental Engineering undergraduate and graduate students, medicine, pharmacy, and health sciences faculty students and environmental sciences graduate students use this laboratory. Microbiology laboratories have the devices to carry out elementary and applied biology and microbiology experiments and clinical biochemistry experiments. In the microscope laboratory, there are microscopes with cameras and without cameras. Continuity of cultures of microorganisms can be achieved by using autoclaves, incubators, safety cabinet,s and ovens in this laboratory. These microbial cultures can further be used for carrying out different bioprocesses. 

Research Opportunities

In Microbiology Laboratory, microbial cell cultures are prepared and maintained under sterile conditions. In addition to this, antimicrobial tests, isolation and identification studies including microscopic examination and biochemical tests, and microbiologic water quality tests are carried out as well. By using microbial cultures, some laboratory scale biological processes, such as biogas and bioethanol production, are carried out in the Microbiology laboratory.